Neurons

On brain folding and fitting 86 billion neurons inside our 1400 cc crania

by

Brain fold­ing typ­i­cal­ly begins at the end of the. sec­ond trimester of preg­nan­cy and con­tin­ues after birth. Hiroshi Watanabe/DigitalVision via Get­ty Images

The human brain has been called the most com­plex object in the known uni­verse. And with good rea­son: It has around 86 bil­lion neu­rons and sev­er­al hun­dred thou­sand miles of axon fibers con­nect­ing them.

Unsur­pris­ing­ly, the process of brain fold­ing that results in the brain’s char­ac­ter­is­tic bumps and grooves is also high­ly com­plex. Despite decades of spec­u­la­tion and research, the under­ly­ing mech­a­nism behind this process remains poor­ly under­stood. As bio­me­chan­ics and com­put­er sci­ence researchers, we have spent sev­er­al years study­ing the mechan­ics of brain fold­ing and ways to visu­al­ize and map the brain, respec­tive­ly. [Read more…] about On brain fold­ing and fit­ting 86 bil­lion neu­rons inside our 1400 cc crania

Welcome to the Ultimate Neuroscience Lab: Your Smartphone

by

Wel­come to a new edi­tion of Sharp­Brains’ e‑newsletter, fea­tur­ing this time six sci­en­tif­ic reports and indus­try resources plus a fun illusion.

#1. Top 10 Men­tal Health Inno­va­tions to Watch: Spe­cial SciAm/ WEF report

Hop­ing you enjoy the great series over at Sci­en­tif­ic Amer­i­can and espe­cial­ly #7, titled Wel­come to the Ulti­mate Neu­ro­science Lab: Your Smart­phone, by Emory neu­roethi­cist Karen Rom­melfanger and our very own Álvaro Fer­nán­dez Ibáñez.

#2. Five thoughts to think about when think­ing about the speed of thought

The time it takes for all thoughts to occur is ulti­mate­ly shaped by the char­ac­ter­is­tics of the neu­rons and the net­works involved. Many things influ­ence the speed at which infor­ma­tion flows through the sys­tem, but three key fac­tors are: dis­tance, myeli­na­tion, complexity,

#3. Study: Self-guid­ed sleep app Sleepio, com­bined with stan­dard care for depres­sion and anx­i­ety, deliv­ers bet­ter out­comes than stan­dard care alone

“This eval­u­a­tion revealed sig­nif­i­cant val­ue in intro­duc­ing an evi­dence-based dig­i­tal sleep inter­ven­tion at scale with­in a clin­i­cal men­tal health ser­vice,” researchers from Big Health and Oxford Health NHS Foun­da­tion Trust conclude.

#4. On uncer­tain­ty, stress, emo­tion reg­u­la­tion, and carpe diem

“These find­ings from three stud­ies with diverse sam­ples and method­olo­gies under­score an upside to the specter of uncer­tain­ty: it can cause peo­ple to savor the pos­i­tives of the present.”

#5. Study finds ADHD is asso­ci­at­ed with dementia

“Specif­i­cal­ly, par­ents of an ADHD child have a 34% high­er risk of demen­tia and 55% high­er risk of Alzheimer’s, the results showed. Grand­par­ents have about an 11% increased risk of either condition.”

#6. Study: Few­er than 1% of geri­atric patients with cog­ni­tive com­plaints met Aduhelm research tri­al cri­te­ria. What can we expect about its real-world safety?

As the researchers point out, “It is thus clear how the result­ing gap between the research and “real world” fields is mas­sive.” We do have the impres­sion that the Aduhelm FDA saga is far from over.

#7. Quick brain teas­er: What do you see? And, can you unsee it?

Have a minute? Give it a try 🙂

 

Wish­ing you and yours a hap­py and healthy month of October,

The Sharp­Brains Team

Five thoughts to think about when thinking about the speed of thought

by

As inquis­i­tive beings, we are con­stant­ly ques­tion­ing and quan­ti­fy­ing the speed of var­i­ous things. With a fair degree of accu­ra­cy, sci­en­tists have quan­ti­fied the speed of light, the speed of sound, the speed at which the earth revolves around the sun, the speed at which hum­ming­birds beat their wings, the aver­age speed of con­ti­nen­tal drift….

These val­ues are all well-char­ac­ter­ized. But what about the speed of thought? It’s a chal­leng­ing ques­tion that’s not eas­i­ly answer­able – but we can give it a shot. [Read more…] about Five thoughts to think about when think­ing about the speed of thought

Promote brain plasticity and keep your mind at ease by taking your daily “exercise pill”

by

As with many oth­er physi­cians, rec­om­mend­ing phys­i­cal activ­i­ty to patients was just a doc­tor chore for me – until a few years ago. That was because I myself was not very active. Over the years, as I picked up box­ing and became more active, I got first­hand expe­ri­ence of pos­i­tive impacts on my mind. I also start­ed research­ing the effects of dance and move­ment ther­a­pies on trau­ma and anx­i­ety in refugee chil­dren, and I learned a lot more about the neu­ro­bi­ol­o­gy of exer­cise. [Read more…] about Pro­mote brain plas­tic­i­ty and keep your mind at ease by tak­ing your dai­ly “exer­cise pill”

Growing backlash against the FDA approval of unproven Alzheimer’s treatment Aduhelm, by Biogen

by

ICER Issues State­ment on the FDA’s Approval of Adu­canum­ab for Alzheimer’s Dis­ease (Insti­tute for Clin­i­cal and Eco­nom­ic Review):

The Insti­tute for Clin­i­cal and Eco­nom­ic Review (ICER) believes that the FDA, in approv­ing adu­canum­ab (Aduhelm™, Bio­gen) for the treat­ment of Alzheimer’s dis­ease, has failed in its respon­si­bil­i­ty to pro­tect patients and fam­i­lies from unproven treat­ments with known harms. [Read more…] about Grow­ing back­lash against the FDA approval of unproven Alzheimer’s treat­ment Aduhelm, by Biogen

Let’s welcome Mental Health Month (May) by appreciating our beautiful brains

by

Self Reflect­ed was cre­at­ed over two years by a team that includ­ed neu­ro­sci­en­tists, engi­neers, physi­cists, and stu­dents, and is a hyper­de­tailed rep­re­sen­ta­tion of 500,000 neu­rons in a sagit­tal slice. Cred­it: Greg Dunn and Bri­an Edwards.

Between Thought and Expres­sion (Cere­brum):

Greg Dunn was on his way to a Ph.D. in neu­ro­science at the Uni­ver­si­ty of Penn­syl­va­nia when he real­ized that bring­ing the brain’s beau­ty to life was a more suit­able role for him than lab work. He start­ed in ink, inspired by Chi­nese, Japan­ese, and Kore­an paint­ings and the sim­i­lar­i­ties he found in the micro­scop­ic world of neu­rons and the macro­scop­ic world of trees, flow­ers, and oth­er land­scape images. [Read more…] about Let’s wel­come Men­tal Health Month (May) by appre­ci­at­ing our beau­ti­ful brains