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DSM

Update: Repetitive negative thinking may increase (or perhaps be caused by) Alzheimer’s pathology

June 25, 2020 by SharpBrains

Time for a new edi­tion of Sharp­Brains’ e‑newsletter, fea­tur­ing this month 13 research find­ings, resources and brain teasers for life­long brain and men­tal health.

#1. “We found that peo­ple who exhib­it­ed high­er repet­i­tive neg­a­tive think­ing pat­terns expe­ri­enced more cog­ni­tive decline over a four-year peri­od. They also had spe­cif­ic declines in mem­o­ry (which is an ear­ly sign of Alzheimer’s dis­ease), and had more amy­loid and tau deposits in their brain … There’s increas­ing evi­dence that chron­ic stress is both harm­ful to your body – and your brain. But more research is need­ed to under­stand this link.” Repet­i­tive neg­a­tive think­ing may increase (or per­haps be caused by) cog­ni­tive decline and Alzheimer’s pathology

#2. “…even sim­ple cog­ni­tive process­es like mak­ing a shop­ping list now require more brain­pow­er. “Now, rather than think­ing, ‘I’ll just run to the store’, you’re think­ing about what you need, what stores are open and whether it’ll be safe to go there. Let’s say your brain can do four tasks at once. Now all of a sud­den there are 10, and you can’t do any of them” … reboot­ing your work­ing mem­o­ry may also mean cut­ting down on your news con­sump­tion and con­sid­er­ing a break from social media. But the most effec­tive thing to do might sim­ply be to con­vince your­self it’s OK to be strug­gling.” Why stress reg­u­la­tion and work­ing mem­o­ry are core build­ing blocks of life­long resilience

#3. Ten years from now, will we see DSM‑6 or Some­thing Much Bet­ter (SMB)-1? The way we approach Men­tal Health today is bro­ken beyond repair. The ques­tion is, what comes next, and how fast can we get there?

#4. Now, please draw the let­ter J in your mind. Then, draw the let­ter D. Turn it 90 degrees to the left and put it in top of the J. What does this shape resem­ble? Enjoy these three quick brain teasers to exer­cise your work­ing memory

#5. “Read­ing sci­ence fic­tion and fan­ta­sy can help read­ers make sense of the world. Rather than lim­it­ing read­ers’ capac­i­ty to deal with real­i­ty, expo­sure to out­side-the-box cre­ative sto­ries may expand their abil­i­ty to engage real­i­ty based on sci­ence … With increas­ing rates of anx­i­ety, depres­sion, and men­tal health issues for youth in the past two decades, it may be the case that young peo­ple, no dif­fer­ent from Amer­i­can soci­ety gen­er­al­ly, are suf­fer­ing from real­i­ty over­load.” — Esther L. Jones, Ph.D Read­ing sci­ence fic­tion can help chil­dren build crit­i­cal think­ing and resilience

#6. “For decades, use of biofeed­back to help suf­fer­ers of anx­i­ety, among oth­er psy­cho­log­i­cal con­di­tions, has large­ly been lim­it­ed to clin­i­cal set­tings with expensive—and some­what tedious—medical equip­ment. Now, with an assist from devel­op­ers of vir­tu­al-real­i­ty games, effec­tive ther­a­peu­tic biofeed­back is becom­ing more afford­able, acces­si­ble and engag­ing.” Vir­tu­al-real­i­ty gam­ing + afford­able biofeed­back = Anx­i­ety ther­a­py for all?

#7. Now comes the real chal­lenge: get­ting doc­tors to pre­scribe it, insur­ers to pay for it, kids to use it and hope­ful­ly see sig­nif­i­cant improve­ments in dai­ly life. FDA clears first videogame to be pre­scribed to kids with ADHD: Endeav­or­Rx by Akili Inter­ac­tive Labs

#8. Hope you enjoy this overview by Dr. Ricar­do Gil-da-Cos­ta at Neu­ro­verse and our very own Alvaro Fer­nan­dez: Explore The State of Non­in­va­sive Neu­rotech­nol­o­gy in 37 min­utes and 1 image

#9. Here with neu­ro­sci­en­tist Mara Dierssen, in Span­ish: Cómo min­i­mizar el impacto del Covid-19 en nue­stro cerebro

#10. Ignor­ing prob­lems does­n’t typ­i­cal­ly solve them — good to see seri­ous attempts to under­stand, detect and address chemo brain. Grow­ing research shows how two of the major can­cer treat­ments, radi­a­tion and chemother­a­py, can lead to long-term cog­ni­tive impairment

#11. “… COVID-19 may lead to any­where from 27,644 to 154,037 addi­tion­al U.S. deaths of despair, as mass unem­ploy­ment, social iso­la­tion, depres­sion and anx­i­ety dri­ve increas­es in sui­cides and drug over­dos­es.” Time to reimag­ine brain & mind care: Four imme­di­ate pri­or­i­ties to flat­ten the men­tal dis­tress curve

#12. Mov­ing beyond Either/ Or Think­ing: Anti­de­pres­sant vor­tiox­e­tine com­bined with cog­ni­tive train­ing may help delay cog­ni­tive decline

#13. Not the worst week to leave Earth, but still plen­ty of men­tal health chal­lenges in space. Request for pro­pos­als to help astro­nauts com­bat behav­ioral health chal­lenges such as stress and isolation

 

Have a good and safe summer,

The Sharp­Brains Team

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Filed Under: Brain/ Mental Health, Education & Lifelong Learning, Technology & Innovation Tagged With: Alzheimer’s Disease, biofeedback, brain health, Brain Teasers, cognitive, DSM, FDA, mental health, neurotech­nolo­gy, noninvasive neurotechnologies, noninvasive neurotechnology, reading, Stress, Working-memory

Study finds psychiatric diagnoses to be ‘scientifically meaningless’

August 15, 2019 by SharpBrains

__________

Psy­chi­atric diag­no­sis ‘sci­en­tif­i­cal­ly mean­ing­less’ (Sci­ence Daily):

“A new study, pub­lished in Psy­chi­a­try Research, has con­clud­ed that psy­chi­atric diag­noses are sci­en­tif­i­cal­ly worth­less as tools to iden­ti­fy dis­crete men­tal health disorders.

The study, led by researchers from the Uni­ver­si­ty of Liv­er­pool, involved a detailed analy­sis of five key chap­ters of the lat­est edi­tion of the wide­ly used Diag­nos­tic and Sta­tis­ti­cal Man­u­al (DSM), on ‘schiz­o­phre­nia’, ‘bipo­lar dis­or­der’, ‘depres­sive dis­or­ders’, ‘anx­i­ety dis­or­ders’ and ‘trau­ma-relat­ed dis­or­ders’ [Read more…] about Study finds psy­chi­atric diag­noses to be ‘sci­en­tif­i­cal­ly meaningless’

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Filed Under: Brain/ Mental Health Tagged With: anxiety-disorders, bipolar-disorder, depressive disorders, diagnostic labelling, digital biomarkers, disorders, DSM, DSM-5, mental health, mental health disorders, psychiatric diagnosis, psychiatry research, schizophrenia, trauma-related disorders

5 Must-Read Articles, and an Online Course, to Help Children with ADHD

June 21, 2017 by SharpBrains

—–

– Dr. David Rabin­er, Research Pro­fes­sor in the Depart­ment of Psy­chol­o­gy and Neu­ro­science at Duke Uni­ver­sity and founder of the Atten­tion Research Update.

Giv­en the ongo­ing changes and con­tro­ver­sies sur­round­ing ADHD diag­no­sis and treat­ment, let us high­light 5 key arti­cles writ­ten by Duke Uni­ver­si­ty’s Dr. David Rabin­er to sum­ma­rize recent sci­en­tif­ic find­ings and their impli­ca­tions, plus a very rel­e­vant online course to help par­ents and pro­fes­sion­als help chil­dren with ADHD.

1. Study finds large gaps between research and prac­tice in ADHD diag­no­sis and treatment

  • Key insight: Evi­dence-based guide­lines from the Amer­i­can Acad­e­my of Pedi­atrics on the eval­u­a­tion and treat­ment of ADHD are fre­quent­ly not fol­lowed. Many chil­dren are diag­nosed with ADHD in the absence of clear­ly meet­ing DSM diag­nos­tic cri­te­ria, and behav­ioral treat­ment is rarely recommended.
  • Key data point: Pedi­a­tri­cians pre­scribed ADHD med­ica­tion to rough­ly 93% of youth diag­nosed with ADHD. Doc­u­men­ta­tion that behav­ioral treat­ment was rec­om­mend­ed, how­ev­er, was present in only 13% of the charts.

[Read more…] about 5 Must-Read Arti­cles, and an Online Course, to Help Chil­dren with ADHD

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Filed Under: Attention & ADD/ADHD, Brain/ Mental Health, Education & Lifelong Learning Tagged With: ADHD-diagnosis, ADHD-Treatment, behavior management, behavioral-therapy, behavioral-treatment, brain-development, diet, DSM, DSM diagnostic criteria, excessive daytime sleepiness, exercise, insomnia, medication, meditation, methylphenidate, Mindfulness-Training, Neurofeedback, sleep, sleep difficulties, supplements, working-memory-training

Study: Fewer than 19% of ADHD treatment plans monitor treatment response according to guidelines

February 24, 2015 by SharpBrains

adhd-workingmemoryWhat did they find (at a recent study, pub­lished in the jour­nal Pedi­atrics, sur­vey­ing com­mu­ni­ty-based ADHD diag­noses and treatments)?

  • For around 30 per­cent of chil­dren diag­nosed with ADHD, the evi­dence that DSM cri­te­ria were met was missing.
  • ADHD rat­ing scales were col­lect­ed from par­ents and teach­ers for only 56 per­cent of youth with an ADHD diagnosis.

[Read more…] about Study: Few­er than 19% of ADHD treat­ment plans mon­i­tor treat­ment response accord­ing to guidelines

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Filed Under: Attention & ADD/ADHD, Brain/ Mental Health Tagged With: adhd, ADHD-diagnosis, ADHD-Treatment, behavioral-treatment, DSM, pediatrics

Update: Harness Neuroplasticity with Enthusiasm, Exercise & Personalized Medicine

February 28, 2012 by Alvaro Fernandez

Time for Sharp­Brains’ Feb­ru­ary 2012 eNewslet­ter, fea­tur­ing in this occa­sion mul­ti­ple and com­ple­men­tary per­spec­tives on how to har­ness neu­ro­plas­tic­i­ty: with enthu­si­asm, BOTH phys­i­cal AND cog­ni­tive exer­cise, and (once tools become bet­ter stan­dard­ized and wide­ly avail­able) brain-based per­son­al­ized medicine.

Fea­tured Per­spec­tives:

  • To Har­ness Neu­ro­plas­tic­i­ty, Start with Enthu­si­asm, by Dr. Hele­na Popovic
  • Q&A with Dr. Yaakov Stern on Brain Reserve, Exer­cise, Cog­ni­tive Train­ing, Angry Birds, YMCA and more
  • 3‑part series writ­ten by Dr. Evian Gor­don to sum­ma­rize and build on the Per­son­al­ized Med­i­cine World Con­gress 2012:
    1. The State of Per­son­al­ized Med­i­cine: The Role of Biomarkers
    2. Per­son­al­ized Med­i­cine in Psy­chi­a­try: from DSM to brain-based RDoC, iSPOT‑D and biomarkers
    3. Work­ing with Health­care Stake­hold­ers towards Brain-Based Per­son­al­ized Medicine
  • To Be (Your Con­nec­tome), or Not to Be (Your Genome), by Dr. Sebas­t­ian Seung
  • Enhance Metacog­ni­tion and Prob­lem-Solv­ing by Talk­ing Out Loud to Your­self, by Dr. Judith Tingley
  • Final Meet­ing Report @ 2011 Sharp­Brains Sum­mit: Retool­ing Brain Health for the 21st Cen­tu­ry, by Alvaro Fer­nan­dez, Dr. Luc Beau­doin, Muki Hansteen-Izo­ra, Mar­garet Mor­ris, Dr. Joshua Stein­er­man, Dr. Peter Whitehouse.
  • (Want to con­tribute arti­cles like these? Learn details here)

What’s New and Mean­ing­ful:

  • Learn­ing to Cope with Google/ Infor­ma­tion Overload
  • An Emerg­ing Era of Big Data (in Men­tal Health too)
  • When and Why Should Dri­vers with Cog­ni­tive Impair­ment Stop Driving
  • Diag­nos­ing ear­ly Alzheimer’s and Mild Cog­ni­tive Impairment
  • Glob­al Pop­u­la­tion Age­ing: Per­il or Promise? (New WEF eBook)
  • Luria Con­gress on Mod­ern Neuropsychology

Sharp­Brains News:

  • Syl­labus for online course, How to Be Your Own Brain Fit­ness Coach (starts March 7th)
  • Save The Date (June 7–8th, 2012), 28 Con­firmed Speak­ers: 2012 Sharp­Brains Vir­tu­al Sum­mit — Opti­miz­ing Health through Neu­ro­plas­tic­i­ty & Dig­i­tal Innovation

Final­ly, let us men­tion that Brain Aware­ness Week is approach­ing (March 12–18th, 2012), and that you can now add com­ments to Sharp­Brains arti­cles via Face­book (see below). Look­ing for­ward to a great month of March!

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Filed Under: Brain/ Mental Health, Education & Lifelong Learning, SharpBrains Monthly eNewsletter Tagged With: Alzheimers, biomarkers, Brain-Fitness, brain-reserve, Cognitive-impairment, Cognitive-Training, Connectome, DSM, genome, iSPOT-D, Luria, Mental-Health, metacognition, neuroplasticity, Neuropsychology, RDoC, Yaakov-Stern

Personalized Medicine in Psychiatry: from DSM to brain-based RDoC, iSPOT‑D and biomarkers

February 20, 2012 by Dr. Evian Gordon

(Edi­tor’s Note: this is Part 2 of the new 3‑part series writ­ten by Dr. Evian Gor­don draw­ing from his par­tic­i­pa­tion at the Per­son­al­ized Med­i­cine World Con­gress on Jan­u­ary, 23, 2012 at Stan­ford University.)

Most Per­son­al­ized Med­i­cine research in Psy­chi­a­try using mol­e­c­u­lar mea­sures alone have failed to repli­cate. Whilst dis­ap­point­ing, this is not sur­pris­ing, since 80% of human 25,000 genes have some effect on the brain.

There are there­fore grow­ing efforts expand­ing Genom­ic Bio­mark­ers in Psy­chi­a­try to Neu­roimag­ing (all Brain-based bio­log­i­cal and cog­ni­tive mea­sures). Some approach­es tar­get [Read more…] about Per­son­al­ized Med­i­cine in Psy­chi­a­try: from DSM to brain-based RDoC, iSPOT‑D and biomarkers

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Filed Under: Technology & Innovation Tagged With: antidepressive treatment, anxiety, behavior, biomarkers, Brain-Resource, cognitive, cognitive systems, depression, DSM, DSM-5, EEG, escitalopram, Genomic, iSPOT-D, medication, mind, Neurodevelopmental, neuroimaging, NIMH, perception, personalized-medicine, psychiatry, RDoC, sertraline, valence, venlafaxine-XR, Working-memory

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